Question |
Answer |
Old Order |
France's social and political structure that places the king at the top and three estates below him |
King Louis XVI |
ruler during early years of the French Revolution |
Marie- Antoinette |
Austrian wife of King Louis XVI, serving as queen during his reign |
First Estate |
small, privileged class made up of Roman Catholic clergy in France |
Second Estate |
the class in France that was made up of the nobility |
Third Estate |
the class of 97% of France, made up of the bourigeoisie, artisans, merchants, and peasants |
bourgeoisie |
city- dwelling merchants, factory owners, and professionals |
sansculottes |
"without knee breeches"; a nickname for workers of the Third Estate |
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen |
document written by the National Assembly advocating equality, freedom of speech, freedom of religon |
radicals |
people favoring extreme change |
Maximilien Robespierre |
Mountain member and leader of the National Convention |
guillotine |
an execution device that drops a sharp, heavy blade through the victim's neck |
counterrevolution |
a revolution against a government establishing by a revolution |
Reign of Terror |
series of accusations, arrests and executions started by the Mountain |
Napoleon Bonaparte |
ambitious military leader who became emperor of France |
Admiral Horatio Nelson |
British naval commander who won the Battle of the Nile |
coup d' etat |
a force transfer of power |
plebiscite |
a question put before all voters |
Continental System |
a blockade that stopped French and allied ships from trading with Great Britain to prevent that nation from funding the rebellion against Napoleon |
nationalism |
a sense of identity and unity as a people |
Czar Alexander I |
Russian ruler during Napoleon's failed invasion of Russia |
Hundred Days |
brief period of renewed glory for Napoleon |
Duke of Wellington |
head of the British troops during the Battle of Waterloo |
indmnity |
payment to other countries to compensate for damages caused during war |
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand |
French diplomat who attened the Congress of Vienna on behalf of King Louis XVIII and helped ensure fairness as the new map was drawn |
Prince Klemens von Metternich |
Austrian prince who strongly influenced policy decision- making at the Congress of Vienna |
Reactionary |
opposing progress in hopes of conditions returning to those of earlier times |